Shifting from Annual Crops to Fruit Production as a Climate Change Adaptation Strategy: Opportunities and Dilemmas

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the possibility of shifting from annual crop production to fruit tree cultivation as a climate change adaptation strategy. Annual crop farmers are increasingly shifting to fruit tree production as a climate change adaptation strategy. Compared to annual crops, fruit trees are generally more resilient to weather extremes. However, fruit production is also vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Unlike annual crops, fruit trees remain in orchards for many years, limiting the applicability of some adaptation methods such as altering planting dates. The study employed a literature review and meta-data analysis to examine effects of climate change on fruit physiology and climate change adaptation strategies under changing climatic conditions. Frequently identified strategies included planting climate-resilient fruit tree varieties, relocating production sites, adopting climate-smart practices and strengthening pest management. Additionalstrategiesincluding crop insurance and stronger institutional supportsystems were also highlighted. A conceptual model to guide farmers transitioning from field crops to fruit tree production that benefit researchers, policymakers, extension officers and other agricultural stakeholders was developed. The study provides a framework for transitioning from annual crop production to fruit tree cultivation as a climate change adaption strategy, highlighting the comparative resilience of fruit trees to certain climate-related hazards, while acknowledging the vulnerabilities associated with orchard production.